JPSC Civil Services Examination Syllabus

Jharkhand Public Service Commission (JPSC) published the JPSC Civil Services Examination syllabus for PT and Mains Examination. Below is the syllabus for every JPSC Civil Services Examination paper.

Syllabus for the JPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination

This paper will consist of 100 objective-type questions, each of 2 marks, drawn from the subjects listed below. Candidates will have to answer all the questions.

Total Marks: 200

Duration: 2 Hours

A. History of India: 15 Questions

1. Ancient India ( 5 Questions)
2. Medieval India ( 5 Questions)
3. Modern India (5 Questions)

B. Geography of India: 10 Questions

1. General Geography (3 questions)
2. Physical Geography (3 questions)
3. Economic Geography (2 questions)
4. Social & Demographic Geography (2 questions)

C. Indian Polity and Governance: 10 Questions

1. Constitution of India (4 questions)
2. Public Administration and Good Governance (4 questions)
3. Decentralization: Panchayats & Municipalities (2 questions)

D. Economic and Sustainable Development: 10 Questions

1. Basic features of Indian Economy (4 questions)
2. Sustainable Development and Economic issues (4 questions)
3. Economic Reforms and Globalization (2 questions)

E. Science & Technology: 15 Questions

1. General Science (6 questions)
2. Agriculture & Technology Development (6 questions)
3. Information & Communication Technology (3 questions)

F. Jharkhand Specific Question: 10 questions

• General awareness of its History, Society, Culture & Heritage

G.National & International Current Events: 15 Questions

H. General Questions of a Miscellaneous Nature such as 15 Questions

1. Human Rights
2. Environmental Protection, Bio-diversity & Climate Change
3. Urbanization
4. Sports
5. Disaster Management
6. Poverty and Unemployment
7. Awards
8. United Nations and other International Agencies

Total Marks: 200

Duration: 2 Hours

A. Jharkhand’s History: 8 Question

1. Munda Governance System (1 Question)
2. Nagvabshi Governance System (1 Question)
3. Padha Panchayat Administration System (1 Question)
4. Manjhi Pargana Administration System (1 Question)
5. Munda Manki Administration System (1 Question)
6. Dhokla Sohore Administration System (1 Question)
7. Jatiya Panchayat Administration System (2 Questions)

B. Jharkhand Movement: 7 Questions

1. Sadan of Jharkhand (1 Question)
2. Tribals of Jharkhand (1 Question)
3. Freedom fighters of Jharkhand (1 Question)
4. Glories of Jharkhand (2 Questions)
5. Jharkhand Movement and state formation (2 Questions)

C. Unique Identity of Jharkhand: 5 Questions

1. Social Situation of Jharkhand (1 Question)
2. The cultural situation of Jharkhand (1 Question)
3. Political situation of Jharkhand (1 Question)
4. The economic situation of Jharkhand (1 Question)
5. Religious specialities and identity of Jharkhand (1 Question)

D. Folk Literature, Dance, Music, Instruments, Tourist place of Jharkhand and Tribal culture: 5 Questions

1. Folk Literature (1 Question)
2. Traditional art and folk dance (1 Question)
3. Folk Music and instruments (1 Question)
4. Sightseeing Place- Natural, archaeological, historical, religious, and modern places (1 Question)
5. Tribal-caste species and characteristics (1 Question)

E. Literature and writers of Jharkhand: 5 Questions

F. Major Educational Institutions of Jharkhand: 3 Questions

G. Sports of Jharkhand: 5 Questions

H. Land-related Laws/Acts of Jharkhand: 12 Questions

1. CNT (5 Questions)
2. SPT (5 Questions)
3. Other Acts (2 Questions)

I. History of economic development in the state since 1947: 10 Questions

• Geography of Jharkhand- Forests, Rivers, Hills, Mines and Minerals etc

J. Industrial Policy, Displacement and Rehabilitation Policy and other policies of Jharkhand: 6 Questions

K. Name and location of major industries and industrial development of Jharkhand: 5 Questions

L. Major schemes and sub-plans of Jharkhand: 5 Questions

M. Forest management and wildlife conservation work in Jharkhand: 5 Questions

N. Environment of Jharkhand state, ongoing environmental changes and its mitigation and adaptation related: 7 Questions

O. Disaster Management in Jharkhand: 5 Questions

P. Various facts and current affairs related to Jharkhand State: 7 Questions

Syllabus for the JPSC Civil Services Main Examination

The Main Examination shall consist of Six compulsory papers, common to all candidates. first paper for 100 marks and paper II for 150 marks. Both papers shall be language-based and the remaining four papers each of 200 marks, shall be subject-based. The detailed syllabic of all other above six papers shall be as follows;-

GENERAL HINDI AND GENERAL ENGLISH

The General Hindi and General English paper shall be a composite paper consisting of two segments, namely, (I) Hindi, and (ii) English. Both the segments shall be of equal weightage i.e. each of 50 marks. The purpose of the paper is to test the working knowledge of the candidates in the above two languages. As such, the questions to be asked in both segments of this paper shall be of matric standard only and shall be confined to the following areas:-

A. General Hindi: 50 Marks

1. Essay (400 words) (15 Marks)
2. Grammar (15 Marks)
3. Comprehension (10 Marks)
4. Precis (10 Marks)

B. General English: 50 Marks

1. Essay (400 words) (15 Marks)
2. Grammar (15 Marks)
3. Comprehension (10 Marks)
4. Precis (10 Marks)

It will be only a qualifying paper in which out of 100 (combined both Hindi & English) every candidate will have to secure only 30 marks. Thus inclusion of 50 marks General English component will not adversely impact the chances of students from Hindi/ Regional Language Backgrounds

LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

The candidates will have a choice to optional for one of the following Languages and literature:-

1. Bengali Languages and Literature
2. English Languages and Literature
3. Hindi Languages and Literature
4. Ho Languages and Literature
5. Khadia Languages and Literature
6. Khorta Languages and Literature
7. Kurmali Languages and Literature
8. Kuruk Languages and Literature
9. Mundari Languages and Literature
10. Nagpuri Languages and Literature
11. Oriya Languages and Literature
12. Panchpargania Languages and Literature
13. Sanskrit Languages and Literature
14. Santhali Languages and Literature
15. Urdu Languages and Literature

SOCIAL SCIENCE ( HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY)

SECTION A- HISTORY

A. ANCIENT PERIOD:

1. The Indus Valley Civilization: Origin, antiquity, extent, authorship and main feature.
2. Origin of the Aryans.
3. Antiquity and stratification of the Vedic literature, Society, economy, and religion E(rig-vedic) period.
4. The Lichchavis and their republican constitution.
5. The Rise of the Magadha Empire.
6. the Mauryas: Extent of empire, Kalinga war and its impact: Askoka’s Dhammam, Foreign Policy, Development of Art & Architecture during the Mauryan Period.
7. The Kahunas: Kanishka: Extent of empire, His religious Policy: Development of Art, architecture, and letters during the Kushana period.
8. The Guptas: Extent of empire, development of language and literature art, and architecture during the Gupta period.
9. Harsha-Vardhan: The last great Hindu ruler of Northern India, cultural achievements during his period.
10. The Cholas: Maritime activities in Southeast Asian countries Chola administration, Art and Architecture.
11. Cultural Achivements of the Pallavs.

B. MEDIEVAL PERIOD:

1. The Arab invasion of India.
2. The Ghaznavid Invasion of India
3. The Delhi Sultanate: Market and military reforms of Allauddin Khilji, utopian policies of Muhammad-bin-Tughalq.
4. The Mongol invasion of India.
5. Religious Movements: (a) Sufism, (b) Bhakti Movement.
6. Dawn of a New-Islamic culture: Indo-Islamic architecture, development of Urdu and Hindi languages.
7. The Mughals: First Battle of Panipat, Achievements of Sher Shah Suri, Consolidation systems of Mughal empire; Establishment of Jagirdari and Mansabdari systems under Akbar, Akbar’s Religious and Rajput policies, Aurangzed’s Religious and Rajput policies, Mughal Architecture and Panting, Economic Condition during Mughal period.
8. The Rise of the Marathas: Achivemnets of Shivaji, Northward expansion of the Marathas and their downfall.

C. MODERN PERIOD:

1. Beginning of European Settlements: Formation and growth of East India Company, consolidation of British power in India: Battle of Plassey and Buxar, Control over Mysore, Subsidiary Alliance, Doctrine of Lapse, Doctrine of Escheat.
2. Resistance to colonial Rule; Peasant; Tribal and Cultural Resanissance; Revolt of 1857.
3. Social Reform movements in the Hindu community; Brahma Samaj Arya Samaj, Ram Krishna Mission, Prarthana Samaj, and Theosophical Society of India.
4. Social Reform Movements in Muslim Community; Wahabi Movement & Aligarh Movement.
5. Struggle for raising women’s Status: Abolition of Sati System, Widow Marriage Act, Consent Bill, Stress on female Education.
6. Land Revenue Administration under British rule: Permanent settlement, Ryotwari & mahalwari system.
7. Rise of Nationalism in India in the 19th century: Formation of Indian National Congress: Moderates and extremists, Swadeshi Movement, Home Rule League Movement, Khilafat Movement.
8. Mahatma Gandhi and Mas Politics: Non-Co-operation Movements, Civil Disobedience Movement, Quit India Movement.
9. The Partition of India and its consequences.
10. India after independence: Integration of Princely states in the Indian Union, Linguistic reorganization of states, Non-aligned policy under Nehru and Indira Gandhi, liberation of Bangladesh.

D. HISTORY OF JHARKHAND:

1. Adi-dharma i.e. sarana cult of Jharkhand tribals.
2. Concept of sadan and emergence of Nagpuria language.
3. Tribal revolts in Jharkhand and nationalist struggle.
4. Birsa Movement
5. Tana Bhagat movement.
6. Freedom Movement Jharkhand.

SECTION B- GEOGRAPHY

A. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

1. Origin and evolution of Earth, Interior of Earth, Wegner’s continental Drift Theory, Plate tectonic, Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Tsunamis.
2. Major Types of rocks and their characteristics, evolution, and characteristics of landforms in the Fluvial Glacial, Arid, and Karst regions.
3. Geomorphic processes, Weathering, mass Wasting, erosion and deposition, Soil formation, landscape cycles, ideas of Davis and Penck.
4. Composition, Structure, and Stratification of the Atmosphere.
5. Insolation, Heat budget of the earth.
6. Horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature, inversion of temperature.
7. Air masses and fronts, tropical and temperature cyclones.
8. Evaporation and Condensation, dew, frost, fog, mist and cloud, rainfall types.
9. Classification of climates, (Koppen and Thornthwaite) Greenhouse effect, Global warming and Climatic changes.
10. Hydrological cycle, distribution of temperature and solicits in the oceans and seas, waves, tides, and currents, ocean floor relief features.

B. PHYSICAL AND HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

1. Structure, relief and physiographic divisions, Drainage systems: Himalayan and the Peninsular.
2. Indian mansion, mechanism, onset and retreat, climatic types (Koppen and Trewartha). Green Revolution and its impact on major crops of India Food scarcity.
3. Natural Vegetation-Forest types and distribution, wildlife, conservation, biosphere reserves.
4. Major types of soils. (ICAR Classification) and their distribution, Soil degradation, and conservation.
5. Natural Hazards: Floods, Droughts, Cyclones, Landslides.
6. Population growth, distribution, and density.
7. Age: Sex, ration, rural-urban composition.
8. Population, environment, and development.
9. Types of settlements: rural and urban, urban morphology, functional classification of urban settlements, Problems of human settlement in India.

C. NATURAL RESOURCES OF INDIA: DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION

1. Land Resources: General land use, agricultural land use, geographical condition and distribution of major crops, like Rice, wheat, cotton, jute, sugar cane, rubber, tea and coffee.
2. Water Resources: Availability and utilization for industrial and other purposes, irrigation, scarcity of water, methods of conservation- rainwater harvesting and watershed management, groundwater management.
3. Minerals and Energy Resources: Distribution and Utility of (a) Metallic minerals (iron ore, copper, bauxite, manganese), (b) Non-metallic and conventional minerals (Coal, petroleum and natural gas), (c) Hydroelectricity and non-conventional sources of energy (Solar, wind, biogas), (d) Energy sources, their distribution and conservation.
4. Development of Industries: Types of industrial, factors of industrial location, distribution and changing pattern of selected industries (iron and steel, cotton textile, sugar and petrochemicals), Weber’s theory of industrial location- its relevance in the modern world.
5. Transport, Communication and International Trade: (a) Road, Railway and waterways. (b) bases of International trade, changing patterns of India’s foreign trade.

D. GEOGRAPHY OF JHARKHAND AND UTILIZATION OF ITS RESOURCES

1. Geological history, landforms, drainage, climate, soil types and forests, agriculture and irrigation, Damodar & Subernarekhan Valley projects, mineral resources of Jharkhand, their extraction and utilization.
2. Population: Growth, distribution, density, tribal population and their distribution, problems of Tribes and Tribal development plans, their customs, rituals, festivals etc.
3. Industrial and urban development, major industries -iron steel and cement, Cottage industries.
4. Pattern of Urban settlement and pollution problems.

INDIAN CONSTITUTION & POLITY, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION & GOOD GOVERNANCE

SECTION A- INDIAN CONSTITUTION AND POLITY

1. The preamble of the Indian Constitution ( Secular, Democratic and socialist)- Philosophy behind it.
2. Salient features of the Indian Constitution, Concept of Public Interest Litigation; Basic structure of the Indian Constitution.
3. Fundamental Rights & Duties.
4. Directive Principles of the State Policy.
5. Union Government: (a)Union Executive: Power and functions of President, vice President, Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers: Functioning under a Coalition Government., (b)Union Legislature: Lok sabha and Rajya sabha: Organization and Functions; Law-making process; Parliamentary Committees; Parliment’s Control over Executive; Privileges and immunities of Parliament and its members. (c)Union Judiciary: The Supreme Court: its role and powers, Principles of Natural Justice & Rule of Law, Judicial Review and Judicial Activism.
6. State Government: (a)State Executive: Power and functions of the Governor, Chief Minister and the Council Ministers. (b)State Legislature: Organization, Powers and functions, with special reference to Jharkhand. (c)State Judiciary: High Court: Organization, Powers, Functions. (d)Panchayat & Municipalities: Organisation, work and responsibilities with special reference to 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments.
7. Center-State Relationship: Administrative, Legislative and Financial.
8. Provision relating to administration of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribal Areas.
9. Special provision relating to reservation of seats for S.C. and S.T. in Legislature, Services etc.
10. Emergency Provisions of the Constitution.
11. Comptroller & Auditor-Geenral of India.
12. Election Commission of India.
13. Political Parties and Pressure Groups.

SECTION B- PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION & GOOD GOVERNANCE

1. Public Administration: Introduction, Meaning scope and significance.
2. Public and Private Administration.
3. Union Administration: Central Secretariat, Cabinet Secretariat, Prime Minister’s office, Planning Commission, Finance Commission.
4. State Administration: State Secretariat, Chief Secretariat, Chief Minister’s office.
5. District Administration: Origin and development of the office of the District Magistrate and Collector: Changing Role of the District Collector; Impact of the Separation of Judiciary on District Administration.
6. Personnel Administration: Recruitment of Civil Service: Union Public Service Commission and the State Public Service Commission; Training of Civil Servants; Leadership and its qualities, Employee’s Morale and Productivity.
7. Delegation, Centralization and de-centralization of authority.
8. Bureaucracy: Origin; its merits and demerits; Role of Bureaucracy in Policy formulation and its implementation. Nexus between bureaucracy and political executive; Generalist versus Specialist.
9. Development Administration.
10. Disaster Management: Causes, Meaning and classification of Disaster; Disaster Mitigation: Immediate and Long-term measures.
11. Good Governance: Meaning and concept of Good and Responsive Governance; Main features of Good Governance: Accountability, transparency, Honesty and Quick Delivery; Role of Civil Society and Peoples Participation in Good Governance. Grievance Redressal Mechanism: Lokpal. Lokayukta, Central Vigilance Commissioner; Citize’s Chater: Object, Machinery and Measures provided in (a) Right to Service Act; (b) Right to Information Act; (c) Right to Education Act (d) The Consumer Protection Act; (e) Domestic Violence Against Women (Prevention) Act; (f) Old Age Act.
12. Human Rights: Concept and Meaning; Universal Declaration of Human Rights; National Human Rights Commission; State Human Rights Commission; Human Rights and Social Issues; Human Rights and Terrorism.

INDIAN ECONOMY. GLOBALIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GROUP A- BASIC FEATURES OF INDIAN ECONOMY

1. National Income: Elementary concepts of national income and methods of its calculation e.g. GDP, GNP, NDP, NNP, GSDP, NSDP, DDP at constant and current prices, at factor cost etc.;
2. Inflation: Concept, Control of Inflation: monetary, fiscal and direct measures.
3. Demographic features: Workforce composition, demographic dividend with special reference to the census of 2011; national population Policy.
4. Agriculture and Rural Economy: Importance of agriculture in the national economy; agricultural growth India production & productivity; causes of low productivity and measures taken by the government to improve agricultural production; Green Revolution, Ever Green Revolution and Rainbow Revolution; WTO and agriculture, Marketing and pricing of agricultural inputs and outputs.
5. Industrial Economy: Policy Initiative & Charges,
6. Public Finance: Nature, importance and scope of public finance; Public Revenue-Principles and types of taxation; direct, indirect, progressive and proportional, concept of VAT.
7. Public Expenditure: Theories of public expenditure; causes of the growth of public expenditure and its impact on the economy; internal and external borrowings.
8. Budget: Principles of budgeting; types of budgeting Perforance-based. Zero-based; FRMD.
9. Fiscal Policy: Concept and role of fiscal policy in achieving employment, stability and economic development.
10. Centre-State fiscal relationship, role of Finance Commission; Financial Aspects of 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments
11. Structure of India’s monetary and banking system in India.
12. Composition and direction of India’s trade; Balance of payment problem.

GROUP B- SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC ISSUES AND INDIAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

1. Meaning and Measurement of Economic Development; Characteristics of Under Development.
2. Indicators of development: HDI, GDI, GEM, Indi’s HDI progress.
3. Role of Foreign capital & technology in the growth of the economy.
4. Sustainable development: concept and indicators of sustainable development; economic, social and environmental sustainability; the concept of Green GDP; Strategy and policy for sustainability development in India.
5. Meaning of inclusive growth and development policy and strategy during 11th and 12th dive year plans.
6. Development status and issues of socially and economically marginalized sections, like STs, SCs, religious minorities, backward castes, and women, Schemes launched for their development by Central/State Governments, including TSP, SCSP, and minorities.
7. Poverty and Un-employments: measurements and trends, Identification of BPL families, HPI, Multi-Dimensional Indian Poverty Index.
8. Food and Nutrition Security: Trends in Food Production and Consumption in India; Problem of Food Security: Problems and issues of storage; procurement, distribution, import, and export; Government policies, schemes, and programmes such as PDS, ICDS, and Mid-day Meal, etc.
9. Governmental Policies for food and nutritional security.
10. Planning Strategy: Objectives and strategy of Indian Five Year Plans, Functions and Role of NDC, Planning Commission.
11. Decentralized Planning: Meaning and importance PRIS and decentralized planning; Major initiatives in India.

GROUP C- ECONOMIC REFORMS, NATURE AND IMPACT ON INDIA ECONOMY

1. New Economic Reforms: Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization, rationale and need for reforms, International financial institutions IMF, World Bank, WTO, their role and impact on the Indian economy.
2. Financial and Banking Sector Reforms, Economic Reforms and Rural Banking Impact on Rural Credit: sources and Problems of Rural Credit, institutional credit, SHG, microfinance, NABARD, RRBs, Scheduled Commerical Banks, rural co-operatives, financial inclusion.
3. Globalization of India economy: its positive and negative impacts on different sectors, issues of FDI and FII in India.
4. Agricultural sector reforms and their impact on growth; issues of subsidies and public investment on agriculture, Reforms and agrarian crisis.
5. Industrial Development and Economic Reforms in India: Major changes in industrial policy, its impact on industrial growth and problems of SMEs; Role of Public Sector enterprises in India’s Industrialization in post reforms period; Disinvestment and privatization of Public Enterprises.

GROUP D- ECONOMY OF JHARKHAND: FEATURES, ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES

1. Economic growth and structure of Jharkhand’s economy, Sectoral composition, growth in SDP and per capita NSDP in last decade, Agricultural and industrial growth in Jharkhand.
2. Demographic features of Jharkhand: Population growth, sex ratio, density, literacy, the composition of the workforce, rural-urban composition etc. with special reference to the Census of 2001 and 2011, inter-district variations.
3. Status of poverty, unemployment, food security, malnutrition, education and health indicators in Jharkhand, major initiative, issue of agricultural and rural development, major programmes and schemes; poverty alleviation programs; PURA, Bharat Nirman, MGNREGA, PMGSY, SGSY, IAY, NRLM etc. Fodd security schemes.
4. Land, Forest and environmental issues in Jharkhand: land reforms and agrarian, tribal land alienation, development induced displacement of people; its impacts and policy initiatives; Forest issues and implementation of FRA, environmental degradation and state policy to deal with to.
5. Five-year plans in Jharkhand strategy and achievement in X and XIth plan, TSP and SCSP, Public finance trends in Jharkhand, Industrial policy in Jharkhand and industrial development.

GENERAL SCIENCE, ENVIRONMENT & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

GROUP A- PHYSICAL SCIENCE

1. System of Units: MKS, CGS and SI.
2. Definition of Speed, Velocity, Gravity, Mass, weight, force, Impact, Work, Power and Energy.
3. Solar System, the relative position of Earth with respect to the Sun and other planets, movement of Earth and Moon in the solar system, Lunar and solar eclipses.
4. Concept and nature of sound, wavelength and frequency, Infrasonic and Ultrasonic Sounds, Sources of infrasonic sound in nature, Ultrasonic sound characteristics and some applications.

GROUP B- LIFE SCIENCE

1. The living world, Cell: structure and its functions, Diversity of organism.
2. Biomolecules: Structure and function of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, Vitamins and deficiency diseases, Enzymes,
3. Hormones: Plant hormones and growth regulation, Animal hormones and their functions.
4. Cell reproduction: Cell cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis
5. Medallion Inheritance: Monohybrid and Dihybrid cross, sex-linked Inheritance, sex Determination, DNA Structure & Function, DNA Replication, Protein synthesis, Gene Regulation, Molecular basis of differentiation.
6. Theories of Evolution of Life on Earth, including Human Evolution.

GROUP C- AGRICULTURE SCIENCE

1. Different agro: Climatic zones of Jharkhand, rainfall pattern and known abiotic stresses in each zone.
2. Rain-fed agriculture, conventional food and horticultural crops of the State, Need for diversification of crops for food as well as nutritional security in the wake of climate change; Rainwater harvesting and its role in improving agriculture output in Jharkhand; Fish Farming.
3. Soil fertility status of Jharkhand: Application of vermicompost and farm yard manure (FYM) for improving soil health, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, their applications and concept of organic farming.
4. Concept of Agro-forestry, wasteland and means to reclaim them.
5. Government schemes for the benefit of the farmers of the state.

GROUP D- ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

1. Concept of Ecosystem, Structure and Function of an Ecosystem,
2. Natural resources: Renewable and Non-renewable resources,
3. Environmental Conservation-in situ and ex-situ conservation,
4. Pollution: Air, Water, Sound and Soil, Solid Waste Management,
5. Biodiversity: Concept, hotspots, threats to biodiversity, Global Environmental Issues, client change, Global warming, ozone layer depletion, Acid rain, Desertification,
6. Environmental Law: The Environment (Protection) Act, The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, The Water (Prevention& Control of Pollution) Act, Forest Conservation Act.

GROUP E- SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

1. National Policy on Science and Technology
2. The energy demand of the country: Conventional and Non-conventional sources of energy.
3. Nuclear Energy: its merits and demerits; Trends in Nuclear Policy, NPT and CTBT.
4. Space Technology: Indian Space programmes, Application of Satellites for different purposes, Indian missile programme;
5. Remote sensing: GIS and its application in weather forecasting, disaster warning, and mapping of water, soil, and mineral resources etc,
6. Use of Biotechnology in agriculture, animal breeding, pharmaceuticals, food technology, and environmental conservation; Possible adverse effects of biotechnological interventions.
7. Information Technology: Computers and their application in data processing data programmes, Cybercrime and cyber laws.
8. National Health Policy: National Programmes for Prevention and Control of Malarial, Leprosy. T.B., cancer, Aids, Blindness etc.

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